![]() Membership of the civic nation is considered voluntary, as in Renan's classical definition in " Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?" of the nation as a "daily referendum" characterized by the "will to live together". Philosopher Hans Kohn was one of the first to differentiate civic nationalism from ethnic nationalism in his 1944 publication The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background. Ernest Renan is often thought to be an early civic nationalist. ( January 2017) ( template removal help)Ĭivic nationalism lies within the traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but as a form of nationalism it is contrasted with ethnic nationalism. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This section possibly contains original research. German philosopher Jürgen Habermas has argued that immigrants to a liberal-democratic state need not assimilate into the host culture but only accept the principles of the country's constitution ( constitutional patriotism). In theory, a civic nation or state does not aim to promote one culture over another. For example, according to the Article 66 of the Turkish Constitution, those who receive Turkish citizenship are considered as a " Turk" even if their ethnicity is not Turkish. Membership in the civic nation is open to every citizen by citizenship, regardless of culture or ethnicity those who share these values are considered members of the nation. Thus, a " civic nation" defines itself not by culture but by political institutions and liberal principles, which its citizens pledge to uphold. Ĭivic nationhood is a political identity built around shared citizenship within the state. However, as Umut Özkırımlı states, "civic" nations can be as intolerant and cruel as the so-called "ethnic" nations, citing French Jacobin techniques of persecution that were utilized by twentieth-century fascists. ![]() ![]() The 20th century revival of civic nationalism had key role in the ideological war against the racist and nazi ideologies. ![]() According to Donald Ipperciel, historically, civic nationalism was a determining factor in the development of modern constitutional and democratic forms of government, whereas ethnic nationalism has been more associated with authoritarian rule and even dictatorship. Ĭivic nationalism is frequently contrasted with ethnic nationalism. Civic nationalists often defend the value of national identity by saying that individuals need it as a partial shared aspect of their identity (an upper identity) in order to lead meaningful, autonomous lives and that democratic polities need a national identity to function properly. Civic nationalism, also known as democratic nationalism and liberal nationalism, is a form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, individual rights and is not based on ethnocentrism. ![]()
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